Cuixiu Yu
(Design Institute of China Building Materials Triumph Glass Bengbu)

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Abstract: This paper describes a more systematic distribution of Indonesia's coal resources and coal quality, while Indonesia's production of lignite gasification a brief introduction, and proposed lignite gasification gas station in Indonesia should pay attention to.
Keywords: Indonesian coal; lignite; gasification; gas furnace
An Indonesian coal resources
      Indonesian national total 36.5 billion tons of coal resources, has proven recoverable reserves of 5.22 billion tons. The Indonesian coal geological formation, since the era are generated from the most recent generation of modern Tertiary Eocene to Pliocene. Thus, the production of coal almost all belong to the young coal, lignite and sub-bituminous coal which dominated (similar to China's long-flame coal lignite or older between), representing approximately 85.26% of recoverable reserves.
      The Indonesian coal resources distribution, mainly in Sumatra (total reserves of about 2/3) and Kalimantan (accounting for over 30% of total reserves). Indonesian coal production on the case, almost all are open pit coal mine in Indonesia, 91% produced in East Kalimantan, 9% produced in southern Sumatra. The Indonesian coal sales, Indonesia is the world's ninth-largest coal producer, the third largest coal exporter (after Australia and China), 2005 Indonesian coal of about 150 million tons, of which: 20% to 30% for domestic power plants and some industrial kilns, 70 to 80% for export (coal). Indonesia's coal export prices are as follows (in 2005 the export price):
      5300kcal/kg $ 45 yuan / ton
      5500kcal/kg $ 47 yuan / ton
      5800kcal/kg $ 50 yuan / ton
      6000kcal/kg $ 52 yuan / ton
      6300kcal/kg $ 54 yuan / ton
      Indonesia's lack of coking coal resources, but recently discovered East Kalimantan region has coking coal characteristics, in addition, forestry and mineral Sumatra Weng part of bituminous coal than the free expansion coefficient of up to four, as "soft" coking coal.
      Indonesia's Adaro Arutnin, Breau, Bukit Asam, Kaltim Prima (Indonesia's largest coal mine) and Kideco other mining companies, most of the low calorific value of coal mining and high humidity levels to "C" and "B" grade subbituminous coal or a small amount of bituminous coal. Adaro mine (located in southern Kalimantan, an annual output of 20 million tons, of which 60% for export and 40% for local power plants), Kideco JayaAgunq (Kitai extended heating tribute) company, Banpu (Banpu) company, Burni ( Bumi) company, state (PTBA) coal companies, five companies in Indonesia's coal production accounted for 75% of total output.
      Adara coal (22 million tons / year), Qi was Branch Coal Company (12.5 million tons / year) and one hundred fishing Coal Company (8,000,000 tons / year), the company produced more than three are sub-bituminous coal; Jiali Man Bintan Austrian Pavilion mines and Carl Chan quite Rema bituminous coal production. Weng bilin coalfield, located in the central mountainous area of ​​Sumatra, the coal-bearing strata are mainly bituminous layer. There are lignite, long flame coal and gas coal, coal ash and sulfur are relatively low. (Ad average of only 1.5% ash, sulfur St, d <0.5%, gas coal volatiles (Vdaf) was about 40% total moisture (Mt) of 7%, the high heat (Qgr, ad) is 30.98MJ / Kg (7400kcal/kg), is not only a high-quality thermal coal, coking coal and can be used as a. Wu Jie Sang coalfield, Neogene of South Sumatra one of the largest number of coal, lignite coal, long flame coal and gas Coal. ash (Ad) of 2 to 6% sulfur (St, d) 0.4% volatiles (Vdaf) 36 to 40% total moisture (Mt) was 6%, the high heat (Qgr, ad ) is 30.98MJ/Kg (7400kcal/kg). Indonesia different coal recoverable reserves and its proportion in Table 1
Table 1 different coal in Indonesia and the proportion of recoverable reserves

2 Indonesian Coal and conditions
      Indonesia Coal and conditions, see Table 2 and Table 3. From Table 2, Table 3 shows that Indonesian coal mostly for low metamorphic grade sub-bituminous coal, long flame coal and lignite, which is characterized by a high water content, low ash, low sulfur, low adhesion, medium heat, easily weathered. From the Coal sample analysis, the moisture content (10-20%), ash content <10%, sulfur (<1.0%) adhesion (1-2 characterized in coke residue), thermal stability (60 ~ 80%), ash fusion (ST :1300-1500 ℃), crushing strength (80 ~ 90%), heat (25.12MJ/Kg so). Gasification of coal to meet the requirements.
Table 2 Indonesian gas coal, long flame coal, lignite coal quality analytical data

Table 3 China Indonesia coal quality analysis of coal sample data

3 gasification of lignite production in Indonesia
      Indonesia before 2005, there is no success in national coal gas furnace for atmospheric fixed bed gasification precedent. Although the factory installed gas stove Shandong Zibo production, but due to inability to maintain normal gasification was shelved. In early 2005, Jakarta, Indonesia factory in Tangshan factory production Φ1.5m single-stage gas furnace, with the selected Indonesian coal gasification test, and achieved good results. Indonesia's coal gasification coal into the furnace coal analysis data, see Table 4; major Indonesian Coal gasification gasification indicators are shown in Table 5.
Table 4 Indonesian coal gasification coal into the furnace of coal analysis data

Table 5 main gasification of coal gasification Indonesia indicators

      Judging from the test firing, gasification furnace is more stable, does not appear biased with flaming furnace, the gas produced by the stove for drying clay powder, when the gas flame burning bright and long, stiffness is also better to burn light oil when an effect. However, gasification and gasification yield strength are low.
Coal gasification experiment chosen, should be Indonesian elderly lignite (brown coal with China's Shandong Longkou very similar), compared with bituminous coal gasification has the following characteristics:
      (1) Since the formation of the Indonesian lignite shallow geological age (Cretaceous - Cenozoic Tertiary), coal moisture and volatile matter content is high, it is more vulnerable in terms of coal, therefore, gasification strength than Low to 220kg/m2 · h appropriate (Shenmu bituminous coal gasification, gasification strength of about 280kg/m2 · h).
      (2) Since the Indonesian lignite in fixed carbon content is low (38%) and fixed carbon content higher sacred trees bituminous coal (58%) compared to the gasification reaction generated by the reduction of CO2 and CO are low, Therefore, the gas yield is low to 2Nm3/kg appropriate (when 3Nm3/kg bituminous coal gasification Shenmu around).
      (3) Although the Indonesian lignite gasification gas when the CO content of less (<25%), however, because the Indonesian lignite in high volatile content (about 40%), the generated gas in the CH4 (2.8% ~ 3.0%) and CmHn (0.25% ~ 0.28%) more. Therefore, the gas calorific value is not low (> 6.07m5/nm3).
      (4) As Indonesia strong chemical reactivity of lignite (α1000 ℃> 95%), therefore, the process of gasification furnace fire floor temperature should not be too high, you can redox more fully, if the high temperature thermal layer , there will burn with flaming, therefore, lower gas outlet temperature to <450 ℃ appropriate.
4 Precautions lignite gasification Indonesia
      (A) on the Indonesian coal resources, the optional room wide, from which you can choose more high-quality, reliable supply of coal for gasification of coal.
      (2) From 2005 the Indonesian lignite gasification gasification test and run usage in recent years, the actual point of view (for power generation, aluminum melting, powder drying, etc.), the successful experience of lignite gasification Indonesia are:
           ① carefully choose a suitable gasification of coal;
           ② According to the Indonesian lignite characteristics of the internal structure of the gas furnace to make the appropriate improvements, while optimizing the gas purification process;
           ③ According to the Indonesian lignite characteristics, determine the suitability of the gasification performance, correct fireman operation is very important;
           ④ As Indonesian hot and rainy, lignite easily exposed to deterioration due to weathering powder, therefore, you must set the coal shed, and the storage period should not be too long.
       (3) Since the gasification of lignite in Indonesia, it will produce more water and phenol tar, if not handled properly, the surrounding environment will have any negative impact, which is very important. In determining gas technology and equipment selection, governance should be clear water and phenol tar effective measures.